French New Wave
French New Wave is a cinematic movement born in the 1950s and developed through a group of young French directors. The directors included Francois Truffaut and Jean-Luc Godard and they were all associated with 'Cahiers du Cinéma', the French film magazine that originally produced Auteur Theory. Auteur Theory suggested that a director is like an author in that they have their own style and it is seen through all of their work.
The New Wave directors were tired of the linear storylines that Hollywood was producing at the time and wanted to create discontinuous films that created more emotion. This also allowed each director to put their own artistic expression on a film. The basic idea of this movement was to do the opposite of what Hollywood was doing and create pace in films. This led to jump cuts being invented as the directors didn't have the funding to blend shots seamlessly but they needed to get rid of any unnecessary parts. This meant conversations and sequences would often be jumpy and discontinuous which seems wrong but achieves the desired effect of mis matching. Hollywood would also use multiple shots for some sequences whereas the new wave would simply stick to one shot. Another technique that was derived from the new wave was to change the frame rather than the shot. If the director wanted the focus to be on a certain object or person then instead of shooting a separate close up shot they would simply change the frame to focus on that. They would also sometimes use two different shots at the same time, in the same frame.